CHAPTER 2; Lesson 1

(page 73-77)
  1. Location of Egypt
    1. N.E. corner of Africa
    2. Nile River
    1. longest river in the world (pp. 73)
    2. relied the river for survival
    3. begins in the highlands of East Africa (pg. 74)
    4. flows north for 4,187 miles
    5. flows into Mediterranean Sea
    6. flows for almost 1,000 miles
    1. Sahara Desert
    1. largest desert in the world
    1. from Atlantic Ocean to Red Sea
    2. covers entire U.S.A.
    1. hot and dry
    2. rainfall less than 4 inches yearly
    3. daylight temp. often reaches 120
    4. dunes
    1. 1\5 sand
    2. mounds and ridges of sand heaped by wind
    1. best covered by ;
    1. rocks
    2. stones
    3. gravel
    4. shrubs
    1. Delta
    1. land formed by mud and sand
    2. deposited by a large river (mouth or end)
    3. shaped like Greek letter
    4. provides about 10,000 sq. miles of rich farmland
    5. Ancient Egypt divided into 2 parts;
    1. Lower Egypt
    1. lowlands of delta
    2. Nile flows into Mediterranean Sea
    1. Upper Egypt
    1. higher land elevations
    2. closer to river source
    3. How the Nile Helped Egyptians
    1. Farming
    1. water for irrigation
    1. barren earth
    1. a few miles beyond Nile
    2. little would grow
2. added to soil;
    1. floods
    1. every year
    2. down highlands of East Africa
    1. silt
    1. water
    2. rich black soil added layer of rich fertile topsoil
    1. topsoil
    1. scattered seed
    2. farm animals walk across ground
    3. when field becomes dry - cut graing
    4. floodwaters
    1. controlled to prevent damage
    2. spread water where needed
    1. irrigation ditches
    2. dams
    1. large groups of people wee organized
    2. every June
    3. height varied;
    1. experts at measuring water level
    2. too high \ destroyed villages
    3. too low \ smaller yield of crops
    1. must irrigate
    2. bucketful at a time
    3. Aswan High dam
    1. built 1968
    2. catches and holds floodwaters
    1. Papyrus
    1. large reed
    2. grows wild along Nile
    3. made from split reeds
    1. boats
    2. baskets
    3. mats
    4. sandals
    5. writing material like paper
    1. cut into strips
    2. soaked
    3. crisscrossed
    4. pressed together
    5. dried
    6. (wrote with brush and ink)
    11.  Superhighway \ trade
                        A.  carried goods
                                    1.  ship
                                    2.   barge
                         B.  spread civilization